중학영어 문법 ( 2 )명사 구, 일반동사, 불규칙동사

중학영어 문법 ( 2 )명사 구, 일반동사, 불규칙동사

 

 

3. 구(句)

1. 명사구

To tell s lie is wrong.

His job is driving a taxi.

I don't know what to do.

 

2. 형용사구

What is the best way to study English?

The girl reading a book is Kate.

Whose is the book on the desk?

 

3. 부사구

They went home in a hurry.

German is difficult to learn.

He is old enough to go to school.

To tell the truth, I don't like him.

 

4. 절(節)

1. 등위절 (and, but, or, so, far)

He is rich, but he is not happy.

He turned off the light and he went to bed.

 

2. 종속절

① 명사절 (that, whether[if] 같은 접속사, what 등의 관계사, who, why 의문사)

That he failed in the exam is true.

This is what he said.

I don't know why he said such a thing.

 

② 형용사절

This is the diary which she kept.

I cannot forget the day when I first met her.

I know the place where the accident happened.

 

③ 부사절

When I awoke, it was raining.

I can't go with you because I'm tired.

 

5. Be 동사

1) be 동사의 형태

인 칭	현재형	과거형
<1인칭> I	am	was
<2인칭> you	are	were
<3인칭> He, she, it	is	was
<복 수> we, they	are	wear

 

현재형은 ～이다, ～하다로 해석하고, 과거형은 ～이었다, ～하였다로 해석한다.

I am a boy. I was a boy.

You are smart. You were smart.

He is a doctor. He was a doctor.

She is nurse. She is a nurse.

 

2) be 부정문 - 『주어 + be 동사 + not』

I am not hungry. I was not hungry.

 

3) be 동사의 의문문 - 『Be 동사 + 주어 ～ ? 』

Is he a teacher ? - Yes, he is.

No, he isn't.

 

4) There is(are) ～ 의 문형

현 재	과 거
There is + 단수 주어	There was + 단수 주어
There are + 복수 주어	There were + 복수 주어
‘ ～이 있다’로 해석	‘ ～ 이 있었다’ 의 해석

There is an apple on the desk. ··········· 단수주어

There are apples on the desk. ············· 복수주어

 

① 부정문 There is not ～ + 단수 주어 (‘～이 없다의 해석)

There are not ～ + 복수 주어

There is not a pen on the table.

 

② 의문문 Is there + 단수 주어 ～ ?

Are there + 복수 주어 ～ ? ( ‘～이 있느냐’의 해석?)

Is there a pen on the desk ?

 

6. have 동사

1. have 동사의 활용

인 칭	현 재 형	과 거 형
<1인칭> I	have	had
<2인칭> You	have	had
<3인칭 단수> He, she it	* has	had
<복수> we, they	have	had

 

 

7. 일반동사

1. 일반 동사의 『긍정문』

주어가 3인칭 · 단수 · 현재일때는 『-s』를 붙인다.

I play tennis every day.

He plays tennis every day.

 

※ 예 외 · 주어가 3인칭 단수 · 현재일 때 [-s]로 붙이는 것이 원칙이지만 [-es]를 붙여야 할 때가 있다. ① [자음 + o]로 끝난 동사 go→ goes do→does ② [자음 + y]로 끝난 동사 →y를 I로 바꾸고 [-es] sturdy→sturdies fly→flies ③ [-s, -sh, ch, x]로 끝난 동사 kiss→kisses wash→washes teach→teaches mix→mixes

 

2. 일반 동사의 『부정문』

1) 현재형 do『or does』 + not + 동사의 원형

I do not like pop.

He does not like tennis.

 

2) 과거형 did + not + 동사의 원형

I did not like pop.

 

3. 일반 동사의 『의문문』

1) 현재형 Do『또는 Does』 + 주어 + 동사의 원형 ～ ?

Do you like pop music ?

Does he like classic music ?

 

2) 과거형 Did + 주어 + 동사의 원형 ～ ?

Did you play tennis yesterday ?

 

4. 일반동사의 『과거형』

규칙동사는 『동사원형 + ed』와 불규칠 변화 동사가 있다.

We played soccer yesterday.

I watched TV last night.

※ 주의

① 『-e』로 끝난동사 → 『-d』만 붙인다.

love→loved arrive→arrived

② 『자음+y』로 끝난 동사 → y를 i로 바꾸고 『-ed』를 붙인다.

study→studied cry→cried

* 예외 그러나 『모음+y』일 때는 그냥 『-ed』만 붙인다.

play→ played stay→stayed

③ 『단모음+단자음』 → 자음 하나를 반복하고 『-ed』를 붙인다.

stop → stopped beg → begged

④ 2음절 이상의 동사에서 『단모음+단자음』로 끝나고 그 모음에 악센트가 있는 동사

→ 자음하나를 반복하고 『-ed』를 붙인다.

omit→omitted occur→occurred

 

2) 불규칙 동사의 『과거형』

현 재	과 거	과 거 분 사
hit	hit	hit
go	went	gone
begin	began	begun
come	came	come

lie - lay - lain : 누워있다, 놓여있다 ·········· 자동사

lay - laid - laid : 눕히다, 놓다 ········· 타동사

lie - leid - lied : 거짓말 하다 ··········· 규칙변화

The book lay on the desk last night.

I lied the book on the desk last night.

she lied to me about it.